|
Accomptant | Accountant |
Accoucheur | man who acts as a midwife |
Accoucheuse | midwife (female) |
Administatrix | female administrator |
Ag Lab | (abreved) agricultural labourer |
Almoner | giver of charity (alms) to the needy |
Amanuensis | secretary or assistant |
Ankle Beater | youth employed to assist drover to herd cattle |
Aquarius | ewer; waterman |
Artificer | maker or fixer of intricate objects; soldier mechanic who does repairs |
Aurifaber | goldsmith |
Avenator | plantifene; hay and forage merchant |
Bailie | bailiff |
Bailiee | bailiff |
Banker | digger of drainage ditches, dykes, flood defences etc. |
Banksman | gives instruction or assistance to a driver; overseer at a mine or pit (often in charge of the cage or lift) |
Barker | tanner |
Baxter | baker |
Belhoste | tavern keeper |
Belleyetere | bellfounder |
Billiter | bellfounder |
Blacksmith | one who shoes horses, forges / works metal |
Bluestocking | female writer |
Bobber | carries
fish / unloads fish from ship metal polisher |
Boniface | innkeeper |
Borsholder | officer appointed by the manor or parish, constable. |
Bowyer | bowmaker |
Brasiler | dyer |
Brazier | brass worker |
Brewster | brewer; beer maker |
Brightsmith | metal worker, often tin or polished iron work |
Brownsmith | copper or brass smith |
Burgonmaster | mayor |
Burl | cup-bearer |
Burneman | carrier of barm or waters for brewers |
Burnisher | metal polisher |
Campaner | bell maker |
Cancellarius | chancellor |
Cardmaker | maker of cards (instruments for combing wool) |
Carner | granary keeper |
Carnifex | butcher |
Carpentarius | carpenter |
Carter | maker or driver carts |
Caulker | filler of cracks (in ships or windows) to make them watertight |
Chaisemaker | carriage maker |
Chaloner | dealer in shalloon (a material made in Chalons) |
Chandler | maker or seller of candles; retailer of groceries; dealer or trader |
Chapman | merchant |
Chesterman | guard |
Chiffonier | wigmaker |
Chirugion | apothecary or surgeon |
Cissor | tailor |
Clark | Clerk |
Clarke | cleric or scribe |
Clericus | clerk |
Clerk | clergyman, cleric |
Clicker | salesman's assistant who would drum up custom, print worker who would set up the press for the compositor; one who makes eyelet holes in boots using a machine which clicked. |
Cobbler | shoe maker/repairer |
Cocus | cook |
Cohen | priest |
Collier | coalminer |
Colporteur | peddler of books |
Combere | woolcomber |
Conveyor | grantor or seller |
Cooper | maker or repairer of vessels made of staves & hoops ie. barrels, casks and tubs. |
Coppice keeper | one who takes care of small wood |
Cordewanarius | shoemaker, originally any leather worker using leather from Cordiva (Spain) |
Cordwainer | shoemaker, originally any leather worker using Cordovan leather |
Corvisor | shoemaker, originally any leather worker using Cordovan leather |
Costermonger | peddler of fruits and vegetables |
Cotiler | cutler |
Cozier | tailor |
Crayman | driver of a cart carrying heavy loads |
Crocker | potter; maker of crockery |
Crowner | coroner |
Cuhreur | currier |
Culler | gelder of male animals |
Cuper | cooper |
Currrier | tanner of leather; user of curry comb on horses |
Cutler | one who makes or sells knives etc. |
Dareman | dairyman |
Daunsel | gentleman in waiting; groom; squire |
Delver | one who digs ditches |
Devil | printer's errand boy |
Dexter | dyer |
Diviner/Dowser | one who finds water (or other substances) under the ground |
Docker | stevedor; dock worker who loads and unloads cargo |
Dowser | finder of water (or other items) using dowsing rods or witching stick |
Draper | dealer in cloth and dry goods |
Drayman | "driver of a dray: a long strong cart without fixed sides, for carrying heavy loads" (later a brewery delivery team) |
Dresser | surgeon's assistant in a hospital |
Drover | driver of animals to market; dealer in cattle |
Drummer | traveling salesman |
Dubbere | cloth dubber ie. one who raises the nap of cloth |
Dudder | probably a maker of coarse cloaks |
Duffer | peddler |
Dyer | one who dyes cloth |
Dysshere | possibly a ditcher, or in some cases a disher |
Ellerman | dealer / seller of lampoil |
Elymaker | oilmaker |
Enumerator | census taker |
Executrix | female executor |
F.S. | female servant; UK 1841 census etc |
Faber | smith |
Factor | agent, commission merchant; one who acts or transacts business for another; scottish steward or bailiff of an estate |
Falkner | keeper / trainer of falcons |
Farrier | horse
doctor, one in charge of horses; blacksmith; makes / fits horseshoes |
Faulkner | Falconer |
Fell Monger | one who removes hair or wool from hides in preparation for leather making |
Fence Viewer | person who inspects farmer's fences |
Feroner | ironmonger |
Ferur / Ferator | farrier or blacksmith |
Fisher / Fishdryver | victualler |
Flasher | glass maker (specialist) |
Flax Dresser | one who works with flax fibers |
Fleshewer / Flesher | butcher |
Fletcher | maker of bows and arrows; arrowmaker |
Forestarius | forester |
Framar | farmer |
Frereman | servant of the Friars |
Fuller | fuller of cloth; shrinker and thickener of woolen cloth by washing, heating and pressing; a felter;one who trampled cloth, see also walker, cleaner and thickener of cloth; |
Furber / Furbour | furbisher of armour |
Furner | baker |
Gaoler | jailer |
Garcifer / Garcio | groom; attendant |
Gatherer | glassworker who gathered molten glass from the furnace on the end of a blowpipe (blowiron) for the glass blower |
Glassewryght | glasswright; maker and mender of glassware |
Glazier | fitter or repairer of windows |
Glover | dealer or maker of gloves |
Gobar | jobber |
Guilderer | maker of gold or silver coins |
Gynour | engineer |
Hacker | hoe maker |
Hamberghmaker / Hamberow | horse collar maker |
Hansard | weapon maker or seller |
Harper | musician |
Hatcheler | one who combed out or "carded" flax |
Hawker | peddler |
Haymonger | dealer in hay |
Hayward | keeper of fences |
Headborough | constable |
Hedger | one who trims and tends hedgerows |
Hetheleder | provider of heather for fuel |
Higgler | itinerant peddler |
Hillard / Hiller | one who covers houses with slate; tiler |
Hillier | roof tiler, slater |
Hind | farm laborer |
Hooker | reaper |
Hooper | maker of hoops for casks, barrels, tubs etc. |
Horsler | hostler or ostler (stableman or groom), horse servant at an inn |
Hosteler | innkeeper |
Hostler | a groom who took care of horses, often at an inn |
Horse Marine | man used to drag, manhandle barges where horses couldn't work |
Huckster | seller of small articles/wares |
Hurdlemaker | maker of Hazel hurdles (for fences, sheepfolds, barriers etc) |
Husbandman | a tenant farmer; (not a land ower) animal husbandry |
Indentured servant | one who has committed to working for someone |
Ironmonger | dealer in iron goods |
Jagger | fish peddler |
Jakes Farmer | one who emptied cesspits or privvies |
Jorman | journeyman |
Journeyman | craftsman who had served his apprenticeship to a master for a fixed number of years; often works on a day to day basis |
Joyner / Joiner | joiner; skilled carpenter |
Keeler | bargeman |
Keller | salt keeper |
Kellogg | slaughter man |
Kempster | wool comber |
Knocker-Up | person employed to wake up factory / mill workers by knocking on their bedroom windows with a long pole |
Lardner | keeper of the cupboard or store |
Latouner | worker in latten (a metal resembling brass) |
Lavender | washer woman |
Lederer | leather maker |
Leech | physician |
Limeburner | maker of lime |
Limner | draughtsman or artist |
Lokeer | locksmith |
Longshoreman | "stevedor, docker" |
Lorimer / lormer | bridlemaker |
Lormer | maker of horse gear |
M.S. | male servant; UK 1841 census etc |
Macon / Macun / Marson | mason |
Malender | farmer |
Malster | brewer of malted beverages (beer) |
Manciple | a steward |
Marescallus | marshall |
Marshall | horse servant or groom |
Mason | stone carver, cutter |
Mayer | physician |
Medicus | leech; doctor |
Mercator | merchant |
Millow | miller |
Millwright | one who designs or builds mills |
Mintmaster | issuer of local currency [mintner?] |
Molendinarius / Molitor / Muner | miller |
Monger | "seller (of goods ie. ale, fish, fruit)" |
Muleskinner | teamster |
Neatherder | cow herd |
Necessary Woman | servant to empty chamber pots & clean privvies; female private personal attendant |
Nedder | needle-maker |
Nettir | knitter |
Oilman | seller of lamp oil (similar Ellerman) |
Ordinary | innkeeper; keeper of a fixed price Inn |
Osler | bird-catcher |
Osnard | herder of oxen |
Outrider | mounted attendant riding before or behind a carriage |
Packman | itinerant peddler |
Palmer | a pilgrim; one who had been, or pretended to have been, to the Holy Land |
Paneler | saddler |
Pannarius | clothier and draper |
Pardoner | one licensed to sell Papal Indulgences |
Parochus | rector, pastor |
Patton / Patten Maker | a maker of a clog shod with an iron ring; maker of iron-rimmed pattens for footware. A clog was also a wooden pole with a pattern cut into the end |
Peever | pepper-seller |
Pelliparius/ Peltarius | skinner |
Peregrinator | itinerant wanderer |
Peruker / Perukmaker | wig maker |
Pettifogger | shyster; lawyer |
Pinder | keeper of the pound or pinfold |
Piscarius | fishmonger |
Piscator | fisherman |
Pistor | miller or baker |
Plantifene | hay and forage merchant - avenator |
Ploughwright | one who makes or repairs ploughs |
Plumber | one who applied sheet lead for roofing and set lead frames for plain or stained glass windows |
Porcher | pig-keeper |
Porter | gate-keeper or door-keeper |
Poulterer | dealer in poultry |
Puddler | wrought iron worker |
Pynner | pin-maker |
Quarrier | quarry worker |
Quarryman | stonecutter |
Quister | bleacher |
Revenuer | officer enforcing the law against illegal manufacturing of whisky. Exciseman |
Rigger | hoist tackler worker |
Ripper | fish monger |
Roper | ropemaker; maker of rope or nets |
Rotarius | wheelwright |
Rower | maker of (small) wagon wheels |
Saddler | maker and repairer of saddles and bridles |
Safernman | grower of saffron |
Samitere/Samite | maker of a type of heavy silk |
Savant | servant |
Sawbones | physician |
Sawyer | sawer of wood; carpenter |
Scabbler | person who uses a pick (scabbler) to trim the sides of a tunnel |
Scribbler | minor author; person who scribbles wool (coarse first carding) |
Schrimpschonger | artist who carves / etches in bone, ivory, or wood (scrimshaw) |
Scrivener | scribe or clerk; notary public; professional or public copyist or writer |
Scrutiner | election judge |
Servus | servant |
Sevier | sieve-maker |
Sewer | tailor or shoemaker |
Sharman / Sherman / Shearman | one who raised the surface of wollen cloth and then sheared it to a smooth surface; cutter of woolen cloth |
Sheather | see vaginarius |
Shepster | female,
cutter-out of dressmaking material ; male, sheep shearer (some areas only) |
Shether | see vaginarius |
Shrieve | sheriff |
Sizer | one who applies size to textiles |
Slater | roofer; tiler |
Slatter | slater (same as hillard) |
Slaymaker / Sleymaker | maker of slays or reeds (instruments to part threads in weaving) for looms |
Slopseller | seller of ready-made clothes |
Snobscat/Snob | shoe repairer; cobbler |
Soper | soapmaker |
Sorter | tailor |
Souter | shoemaker; cobbler (mainly north england - scotland) |
Soyor | sawyer |
Spar Maker | maker of Hazel spars for holding thatch in place (sparmaker) |
Spicer | grocer |
Spinster | spinner (female) |
Spittleman | hospital attendant |
Spurrer / Spurrier | spurmaker |
Squarewright | carpenter, specifically a furniture maker |
Squire | country gentleman; farm owner; justice of peace |
Stabler | ostler |
Stokiner | maker or weaver of stockings, hosiery |
Stuff Gown / Gownsman | junior barrister |
Sugarer | dealer in or seller of sugar |
Supercargo | officer on merchant ship who is in charge of cargo and the commercial concerns of the ship |
Sutler | one who supplies an army with provisions |
Tabernarius | taverner; innkeeper |
Tackler | overseer of powerloom weavers |
Tannator | tanner; curer of animal hide into leather |
Tanner | person who tans (cures) animal hides into leather |
Taper | candlewick maker or seller |
Tapley | one who puts the tap in an ale cask |
Tapster | one who served ale & beer in a public house |
Tasker | reaper |
Tawer | one who taws (makes hide into leather without the use of tanning) |
Teinter | dyer |
Textor | weaver |
Thatcher | roofer (using thatch) |
Thirdbororough | tithing man or deputy constable |
Tide Waiter | customs inspector |
Tinctor | dyer |
Tinker | an itinerant mender and seller of kettles, tin pots and pans |
Tipstaff | policeman |
Todd | fox hunter |
Tonsor | barber |
Travers | toll bridge collector |
Tripper | dancer |
Tucker | cleaner of cloth goods |
Turner | turner of wood (using a lathe) into spindles |
Upholder | upholsterer; also a cheapjack and seller of secondhand goods |
Vaginarius | sheather; scabbard maker |
Vatman | skilled paper mill worker who lifts paper pulp from the vat and moulds it into sheets |
Venator / Venur | huntsman |
Verderer | a Borsholder, Officer administrating Forests, Forest Constable. |
Victualer | tavern keeper, or one who provides an army, navy, or goods |
Vitner / Vintner | wine merchant |
Vulcan | blacksmith |
Wainwright | wagon maker |
Waiter | customs officer or tide waiter; one who waited on the tide to collect duty on goods brought in. servant in hostelry |
Walker | fuller; cloth trampler or cleaner (tucker; in some locations of U.K.) |
Waterman | boatman who plies for hire |
Webber | weaver; loom operator |
Webster | operator of looms |
Wharfinger | owner of a wharf |
Wheelwright | builder / repairer of wagon wheels, carriages etc. |
Whitcher | maker of chests |
Whitesmith | tinsmith; worker of iron who finishes or polishes the work |
Whitewing | street sweeper |
Whitster | bleacher of cloth |
Whittawer | one who tans skin into white leather |
Wright | workman, especially a construction worker ie. wheelwright |
Yearman | a worker hired by the year |
Yeoman |
farmer
who owns his own land; freeholder |